Everything about Shah Rukh Timurid Dynasty totally explained
» See Shah Rukh for other individuals of that name.Shāhru
kh Mīrzā (-
Šāhrukh Mīrzā, also known as
Shāhruh,
Shāhrokh or
Shāhrukh u>, in
Persian meaning "Face of the King" (According to Ibn ‘Arabshāh, his father was playing chess when he received the news of his birth, using this chess move as a name for the newborn child) (
August 20 1377 -
March 12 1447), was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the
Central Asian warlord
Timur (Tamerlane) - the founder of the
Timurid dynasty - governing most of
Persia and
Transoxiana between
1405 and
1447. Shāhrukh was the fourth and youngest son of Timur and child of one of his
Persian wives.
After Timur's death in
1405, his empire fell apart with various tribes and warlords competing for dominance. The
Black Sheep Turkmen destroyed the western empire in
1410 when they captured
Baghdad, but in Persia and Transoxiana Shāhrukh was able to secure effective control from about
1409. His empire controlled the main trade routes between East and West, including the legendary
Silk Road, and became immensely wealthy as a result.
The devastation of Persia's main cities led to the cultural centre of the empire shifting to
Samarqand in modern
Uzbekistan and
Herat in modern
Afghanistan. Shāhrukh chose to have his
capital not in Samarqand, but in Herat. This was to become the political centre of the Timurid empire, and residence of his principal successors, though both cities benefited from the wealth and privilege of Shāhrukh's court, which was a great patron of the arts and sciences.
His wife,
Gowhar Shād, funded the construction of two outstanding
mosques and theological colleges in
Mashhad and Herāt. The
Gowhar-Shād-Mosque was finished in
1418. The mixed ethnic origins of the ruling dynasty led to a distinctive character in its cultural outlook, which was a combination of Persian civilization and art, with borrowings from
China, and literature written in
Persian as well as
Turkic and
Arabic. In fact, Shah Rukh sent a large embassy to the Ming Dynasty of China in
1419.
Shāhrukh died during a journey in Persia and was succeeded by his son,
Mohammad Taragae Uluğ Bēg, who had been viceroy of Transoxiana during his father's lifetime.
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